or is it in the temple? Douglass vividly describes the conditions under which those enslaved are bought and sold; he says that they are treated as no more than animals. [Under the Act] it became illegal not to arrest and return runaway slaves. They convert the very name of religion into an engine of tyranny, and barbarous cruelty, and serve to confirm more infidels, in this age, than all the infidel writings of Thomas Paine, Voltaire, and Bolingbroke, put together, have done! There should be no shoulder that does not bear the burden of the government. He had a prophetic vision for the future that he was always trying to work toward. had I the ability, and could I reach the nations ear, I would, to-day, pour out a fiery stream of biting ridicule, blasting reproach, withering sarcasm, and stern rebuke. Douglass denounces the churches for betraying their own biblical and Christian values. The far off and almost fabulous Pacific rolls in grandeur at our feet. "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" remains one of the most effective and poignant condemnations of slavery in the canon of American abolitionist literature, a tribute to the moral character and oratorical skills of Frederick Douglass. The sunlight that brought life and healing to you, has brought stripes and death to me. [17] This act drew the ire of the abolitionist movement,[9] and was directly criticized by Douglass in his speech. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United States, at this very hour. In several states, this trade is a chief source of wealth. 5.0. Noble men may be found, scattered all over these Northern States, of whom Henry Ward Beecher of Brooklyn, Samuel J. Mr. President, Friends and Fellow Citizens: He who could address this audience without a quailing sensation, has stronger nerves than I have. dismay. I am glad, fellow-citizens, that your nation is so young. Worksheet Excerpt Analyzing Rhetorical Devices in "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?": Douglass equates this to being worse than many other things that are banned, in particular, books and plays that are banned for infidelity. "Meaning of the Fourth of July to a Negro" by Bridget Durham The Fourth of July is a day of celebration for many Americans because on July 4th, 1776, America declared independence from Britain and said that everyone was free under the US government, right? A worship that can be conducted by persons who refuse to give shelter to the houseless, to give bread to the hungry, clothing to the naked, and who enjoin obedience to a law forbidding these acts of mercy, is a curse, not a blessing to mankind. Douglass believed that slavery could be eliminated with the support of the church, and also with the reexamination of what the Bible was actually saying. It was demanded, in the name of humanity, and according to the law of the living God. This, to you, is what the Passover was to the emancipated people of God. We have to do with the past only as we can make it useful to the present and to the future. What characteristics does he praise about them? Then would my task be light, and my burden easy and delightful. [8] Frederick Douglass had moved to Rochester in 1847 in order to publish his newspaper The North Star. In 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act had passed Congress as part of the broader Compromise of 1850. There was, at that time, a grand slave mart kept at the head of Pratt Street, by Austin Woldfolk. [16][17] Finally, the Act did not allow the accused individual of defending themselves in court. that gash on her shoulder tells her to move on. The Act also denied suspected slaves trial by jury or even the ability to testify on their own behalf in court. The existence of slavery in this country brands your republicanism as a sham, your humanity as a base pretence, and your Christianity as a lie. Keidrick Roy, the host of the virtual reading event. With this product, you can choose to either have your students read the entire speech and annotate and analyze Douglass' rhetorical devices or you can choose to have your students read shorter excerpts from the speech and do an abbreviated annotation and analysis of rhetorical devices. They hate all changes, but silver, gold and copper change! Douglass addressed a part of the population for which the day had huge significance the true independence, he argues, is not for the American people, but for the American slave. The manhood of the slave is conceded. I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. [Throughout the speech] Douglass looks at the contradictions between the reality of slavery and the lofty claims of a just society outlined in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. The Sharps, the Clarksons, the Wilberforces, the Buxtons, and Burchells and the Knibbs, were alike famous for their piety, and for their philanthropy. and am I, therefore, called upon to bring our humble offering to the national altar, and to confess the benefits and express devout gratitude for the blessings resulting from your independence to us?Would to God, both for your sakes and ours, that an affirmative answer could be truthfully returned to these questions! The minister of American justice is bound by the law to hear but one side; and that side, is the side of the oppressor. Frederick Douglass, a well-known Black writer, orator, and abolitionist was asked to address an anti-slavery group on the July 4 holiday in 1852. I do not hesitate to declare, with all my soul, that the character and conduct of this nation never looked blacker to me than on this 4th of July! They, however, gradually flow back to the same old channel, and flow on as serenely as ever. An American judge gets ten dollars for every victim he con signs to slavery, and five, when he fails to do so. More than 150 years later, Keidrick Roy, a doctoral student in American Studies at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and a U.S. Air Force veteran, will host a virtual community reading and discussion of the storied speech at the Somerville Museum on Thursday as part of the annual state-wide MassHumanities program Reading Frederick Douglass Together.. You hurl your anathemas at the crowned headed tyrants of Russia and Austria, and pride yourselves on your Democratic institutions, while you yourselves consent to be the mere tools and body-guards of the tyrants of Virginia and Carolina. Americans! Wind, steam, and lightning are its chartered agents. The founding fathers left black people and women out of these rights for "everyone." 2. Text Frederick Douglass, " What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? He further says, the Constitution, in its words, is plain and intelligible, and is meant for the home-bred, unsophisticated understandings of our fellow-citizens. We need the storm, the whirlwind, and the earthquake. What would be thought of an instrument, drawn up, legally drawn up, for the purpose of entitling the city of Rochester to a track of land, in which no mention of land was made? There are illustrations of it near and remote, ancient and modern. Cast one glance, if you please, upon that young mother, whose shoulders are bare to the scorching sun, her briny tears falling on the brow of the babe in her arms. You may rejoice, I must mourn. They petitioned and remonstrated; they did so in a decorous, respectful, and loyal manner. sanction. Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? Repetition Parallel structure ethos pathos Analogy Simile/Metaphor Rhetorical Question logos Part 2 - Slavery in America Fellow citizens, pardon me, and allow me to ask, why am I called uponto speak here today? Read its preamble, consider its purposes. 15 November's Documents in Detail webinar was about Frederick Douglass's What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?, his oration delivered on 5 July 1862. Over 150,000 persons were sold between 1820 and 1830, and over 300,000 were sold between 1850 and 1860.[15]. The arm of the Lord is not shortened, and the doom of slavery is certain. He says that, if anything, many churches actually stand behind slavery and support the continued existence of the institution. They may also rise in wrath and fury, and bear away, on their angry waves, the accumulated wealth of years of toil and hardship. Easel Activity. [7], The Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society was founded in 1851. I will not enlarge further on your national inconsistencies. The cause of liberty may be stabbed by the men who glory in the deeds of your fathers. My subject, then fellow-citizens, is AMERICAN SLAVERY. [16] Additionally, it awarded $10 to a judge who sentenced an individual to return to enslavement, while awarding only $5 if the claim was dismissed. The iron shoe, and crippled foot of China must be seen, in contrast with nature. Further, if this demand were not complied with, another Scotland would be added to the history of religious liberty, and the stern old Covenanters would be thrown into the shade. From what quarter, I beg to know, has proceeded a fire so deadly upon our ranks, during the last two years, as from the Northern pulpit? Douglass then discusses the internal slave trade in America. welcome atheism! It is neither. In short, it gave the federal government an active role in maintaining the Souths system of slavery. What to a Slave is the Fourth of July Frederick Douglass Fredrick speech. These gentlemen have, as I think, fully and clearly vindicated the Constitution from any design to support slavery for an hour.Fellow-citizens! It is called (in contradistinction to the foreign slave-trade) the internal slave trade. It is, probably, called so, too, in order to divert from it the horror with which the foreign slave-trade is contemplated. If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. There is consolation in the thought that America is young. Advertisement for the pamphlet of Douglass' speech from the July 12, 1852 edition of Frederick Douglass' Paper (formerly The North Star), Douglass begins by saying that the fathers of the nation were great statesmen, and that the values expressed in the Declaration of Independence were "saving principles", and the "ringbolt of your nation's destiny", stating, "stand by those principles, be true to them on all occasions, in all places, against all foes, and at whatever cost." On what branch of the subject do the people of this country need light? The feeling of the nation must be quickened; the conscience of the nation must be roused; the propriety of the nation must be startled; the hypocrisy of the nation must be exposed; and its crimes against God and man must be proclaimed and denounced.What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? He can bring no witnesses for himself. Would you argue more, and denounce less, would you persuade more, and rebuke less, your cause would be much more likely to succeed. Frederick Douglass delivered his famous speech at the Corinthian Hall in Rochester, NY, on July. You can bare your bosom to the storm of British artillery to throw off a threepenny tax on tea; and yet wring the last hard-earned farthing from the grasp of the black laborers of your country. By that most foul and fiendish of all human decrees, the liberty and person of every man are put in peril. A general shout would go up from the church, demanding repeal, repeal, instant repeal!And it would go hard with that politician who presumed to solicit the votes of the people without inscribing this motto on his banner. He refers to the Constitution as a "Glorious Liberty Document". During the 1850's, the Fourth of July served as a reminder of the many horrors and injustices in the world. Douglass, Frederick, ed. who stand as the very lights of the church, have shamelessly given the sanction of religion and the Bible to the whole slave system. Attend the auction; see men examined like horses; see the forms of women rudely and brutally exposed to the shocking gaze of American slave-buyers. This truth is not a doubtful one. I am also hosting a summer reading and discussion series called Race, Fragility, and Anti-Racism through the Somerville Museum and the City on a Hill network of local churches. by Frederick Douglass 1852 11th Grade Lexile: 1140 Font Size Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) was an African American social reformer, orator, and writer. Your fathers have lived, died, and have done their work, and have done much of it well. They are food for the cotton-field, and the deadly sugar-mill. But, with that blindness which seems to be the unvarying characteristic of tyrants, since Pharaoh and his hosts were drowned in the Red Sea. His agents were sent into every town and county in Maryland, announcing their arrival, through the papers, and on flaming hand-bills, headed CASH FOR NEGROES. one of the most important speeches of the 19th century? Where these go, may also go the merciless slave-hunter. A John Knox would be seen at every church door, and heard from every pulpit, and Fillmore would have no more quarter than was shown by Knox, to the beautiful, but treacherous queen Mary of Scotland. O! You invite to your shores fugitives of oppression from abroad, honor them with banquets, greet them with ovations, cheer them, toast them, salute them, protect them, and pour out your money to them like water; but the fugitives from your own land you advertise, hunt, arrest, shoot and kill. In order to put an end to it, some of these last have consented that their colored brethren (nominally free) should leave this country, and establish themselves on the western coast of Africa! Douglass argues that religion is the center of the problem but also the main solution to it. By an act of the American Congress, not yet two years old, slavery has been nationalized in its most horrible and revolting form. your republican politics, not less than your republican religion, are flagrantly inconsistent. Yea! [20]:345He also attempts to demonstrate the irony of their inability to sympathize with the Black people they oppressed in cruel ways that the forefathers they valorized never experienced. Who so stolid and selfish, that would not give his voice to swell the hallelujahs of a nations jubilee, when the chains of servitude had been torn from his limbs? Read its preamble, consider its purposes. When a child, my soul was often pierced with a sense of its horrors. The subject has been handled with masterly power by Lysander Spooner, Esq., by William Goodell, by Samuel E. Sewall, Esq., and last, though not least, by Gerritt Smith, Esq. While I do not intend to argue this question on the present occasion, let me ask, if it be not somewhat singular that, if the Constitution were intended to be, by its framers and adopters, a slave-holding instrument, why neither slavery, slaveholding, nor slave can anywhere be found in it. welcome anything! This year is pretty challenging in the wake of COVID-19, and the event is going to be held online instead of before a live audience like we did last year. The crack you heard, was the sound of the slave-whip; the scream you heard, was from the woman you saw with the babe. There I see the tenderest ties ruthlessly broken, to gratify the lust, caprice and rapacity of the buyers and sellers of men. He validates the feelings of injustice the Founders felt then juxtaposes their experiences with vivid descriptions of the harshness of slavery.[21]. Great Britain, and many other countries of that time, had already abolished slavery from its territories. He expresses his belief in the speech that he and other slaves are fighting the same fight in terms of wishing to be free that White Americans, the ancestors of the white people he is addressing, fought seventy years earlier. To . Fellow-citizens, pardon me, allow me to ask, why am I called upon to speak here to-day? The 'Address' may be had at this office, price ten cents, a single copy, or six dollars per hundred. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? In this collection, students will review the life of Frederick Douglass and learn about one of his most famous speeches, "The Meaning of Fourth of July for the Negro" (it is also commonly referred to as "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July). Interview was lightly edited for clarity and length. There, the church, true to its mission of ameliorating, elevating, and improving the condition of mankind, came forward promptly, bound up the wounds of the West Indian slave, and restored him to his liberty. This act forced citizens to report people who had escaped their enslavement and escaped to a free state, under punishment of a fine or imprisonment. They strip the love of God of its beauty, and leave the throng of religion a huge, horrible, repulsive form. Feeling themselves harshly and unjustly treated by the home government, your fathers, like men of honesty, and men of spirit, earnestly sought redress. I was glad to find one who sympathized with me in my horror.Fellow-citizens, this murderous traffic is, to-day, in active operation in this boasted republic. If any man in this assembly thinks differently from me in this matter, and feels able to disprove my statements, I will gladly confront him at any suitable time and place he may select.I take this law to be one of the grossest infringements of Christian Liberty, and, if the churches and ministers of our country were not stupidly blind, or most wickedly indifferent, they, too, would so regard it.At the very moment that they are thanking God for the enjoyment of civil and religious liberty, and for the right to worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences, they are utterly silent in respect to a law which robs religion of its chief significance, and makes it utterly worthless to a world lying in wickedness. ROY:One of the things that Douglass writings shows us is that he believed in amplifying a variety of voices. when ye make many prayers, I will not hear. You live and must die, and you must do your work. Africa must rise and put on her yet unwoven garment. You have no right to enjoy a childs share in the labor of your fathers, unless your children are to be blest by your labors. PDF. You boast of your love of liberty, your superior civilization, and your pure Christianity, while the whole political power of the nation (as embodied in the two great political parties), is solemnly pledged to support and perpetuate the enslavement of three millions of your countrymen. be warned! He also wrote a letter to Ida B. Attend the auction; see men examined like horses; see the forms of women rudely and brutally exposed to the shocking gaze of American slave-buyers. These ministers make religion a cold and flinty-hearted thing, having neither principles of right action, nor bowels of compassion. If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth.. The fact that the church of our country, (with fractional exceptions), does not esteem the Fugitive Slave Law as a declaration of war against religious liberty, implies that that church regards religion simply as a form of worship, an empty ceremony, and not a vital principle, requiring active benevolence, justice, love and good will towards man. (3) $3.99. Because the church stood behind the decision to abolish the selling and buying of people, so did the rest of the country. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak to-day? Walled cities and empires have become unfashionable. For there, they that carried us away captive, required of us a song; and they who wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. Panel on dispossession of African Americans says burying truth keeps Black Americans dispossessed, Legal scholar and historian puts the push to remove Confederate statues in context, Members of the community share memories, plans, hopes for the holiday, Quantum computing simulation reveals possible wormhole-like dynamics. Ever ready to drink, to treat, and to gamble. I scout the idea that the question of the constitutionality or unconstitutionality of slavery is not a question for the people. But a change has now come over the affairs of mankind. They that can, may; I cannot. I will not. From Boston to London is now a holiday excursion. Your fathers esteemed the English Government as the home government; and England as the fatherland. But I differ from those who charge this baseness on the framers of the Constitution of the United States. Knowledge is becoming more readily available, Douglass said, and soon the American people will open their eyes to the atrocities they have been inflicting on their fellow Americans. Not for thieves and robbers, enemies of society, merely, but for men guilty of no crime. Great streams are not easily turned from channels, worn deep in the course of ages. Oh! As the champions of oppressors, the chosen men of American theology have appearedmen, honored for their so-called piety, and their real learning. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United States, at this very hour.Go where you may, search where you will, roam through all the monarchies and despotisms of the old world, travel through South America, search out every abuse, and when you have found the last, lay your facts by the side of the everyday practices of this nation, and you will say with me, that, for revolting barbarity and shameless hypocrisy, America reigns without a rival.Take the American slave-trade, which, we are told by the papers, is especially prosperous just now. These wretched people are to be sold singly, or in lots, to suit purchasers. In an 1868 speech, he said, No man should be excluded from the government on the basis of his color, no woman on account of her sex. Their opposition to the then dangerous thought was earnest and powerful; but, amid all their terror and affrighted vociferations against it, the alarming and revolutionary idea moved on, and the country with it. Is it at the gateway? The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me. Wells, which was incorporated into the preface of her 1892 pamphlet Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases.. On July 4, 1852, Frederick Douglass-- a former American slave, abolitionist leader and adroit speaker-- spoke in Rochester, New York about the affectation of celebrating independence. One of the parts of the speech that resonates with me the most is when Douglass says: What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? Who so obdurate and dead to the claims of gratitude, that would not thankfully acknowledge such priceless benefits? The time for such argument is passed.At a time like this, scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed. Sydney Smith tells us that men seldom eulogize the wisdom and virtues of their fathers, but to excuse some folly or wickedness of their own. I doubt if there be another nation on the globe, having the brass and the baseness to put such a law on the statute-book. Youll never experience a black hole, but Avi Loeb can help you imagine one, We need individual events like reading Douglass, but we also need to be thinking about ways to extend this conversation over the long term., Level of cannabis use could determine post-op outcomes, Historian says Fla. dispute shows why AP class in African American studies is needed, Why Church Committee alums urged new House panel to avoid partisanship, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?, Rewriting history to include all of it this time. Of Pratt Street, by asking me to speak to-day slaves trial by jury even! 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