[163] By 1999, historians had amply demonstrated that Speer had lied extensively. After joining the Nazi Party in 1930, Speer became Adolf Hitler's personal architect. [158] Kitchen said he had deceived the Nuremberg Tribunal and post-war Germany. The Soviet Union, having demanded a death sentence at trial, was unwilling to entertain a reduced sentence. [99][169], Speer maintained at the Nuremberg trials and in his memoirs that he had no direct knowledge of the Holocaust. [37] Speer hired Wolters as part of his design team, with special responsibility for the Prachtstrasse. Speer studied at the technical schools in Karlsruhe, Munich, and Berlin, and acquired an architectural license in 1927. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. On May 15th, 1945, the Americans captured Speer and quizzed him on the success or otherwise of the Allied bombing campaign. After the war, Speer was among the 24 "major war criminals" arrested and charged with the crimes of the Nazi regime at the Nuremberg trials. sort by. [155] In addition to the myth that he was an apolitical technocrat, he claimed he did not have full knowledge of the Holocaust or the persecution of the Jews. Das Cytoskelett; Vergleich Pflanzenzelle - Tierzelle: Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten; Vergleich der Eigenschaften von prokaryotischen und eukaryotischen Zellen [160] This construction was accepted almost at face value by historian Hugh Trevor-Roper when investigating the death of Adolf Hitler for British Intelligence and in writing The Last Days of Hitler. The Fhrer emerges as neither an incompetent nor a carpetgnawing madman but as an evil genius of warped concepts endowed with an ineffable personal magic. by. Through his autobiographies and interviews, Speer carefully constructed an image of himself as a man who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. Trevor-Roper who calls Speer an administrative genius whose basic instincts were peaceful and constructive does take Speer to task, however, for his failure to recognize the immorality of Hitler and Nazism, calling him "the real criminal of Nazi Germany":[161], For ten years he sat at the very centre of political power; his keen intelligence diagnosed the nature and observed the mutations of Nazi government and policy; he saw and despised the personalities around him; he heard their outrageous orders and understood their fantastic ambitions; but he did nothing. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor, narrowly avoiding a death sentence. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, commonly known as Albert Speer (March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981), was an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich ." [5], Following his release from Spandau, Speer donated the Chronicle, his personal diary, to the German Federal Archives. [95], Losses of territory and a dramatic expansion of the Allied strategic bombing campaign caused the collapse of the German economy from late 1944. Sauckel had whole villages in France, Holland and Belgium forcibly rounded up and shipped to Speer's factories. [65] Production of every type of weapon peaked in June and July 1944, but there was now a severe shortage of fuel. It's the end of an era: The company's founder Professor Albert Speer passes away in September aged 83. Unsubstantiated rumors have claimed that the remains were used for other building projects such as the Humboldt University, Mohrenstrae metro station and Soviet war memorials in Berlin. This was probably the start of the downfall of the Reich. Mr. Speer had been taken to the . like so many other Germans his By Dorothy . [165] Trommer said he was not an apolitical technocrat; instead, he was one of the most powerful and unscrupulous leaders in the Nazi regime. This is followed by an epilogue dealing with the end of the war in Europe and the resulting Nuremberg trials, in which Speer was sentenced to a 20-year prison term for his actions during the war. At the southern end of the avenue, a great triumphal arch, almost 400 feet (120m) high and able to fit the Arc de Triomphe inside its opening, was planned. Albert Speer, the Nazi architect who built a Cathedral of Light for Hitler and commanded millions of prisoners in the forced production of weaponry, had a comfortable second life. Albert Einstein lived in the USA, so was not where the holocaust It became instrumental in exploiting slave labor for the benefit of the German war effort. He has risen to the top of the . [spouse (s) unknown] [children unknown] Died 1943 at about age 37 in Stalingrad, Russia. The SS called this "Professor Speer's Special Programme". [104] During a meeting with Speer on 28/29 March, Hitler rescinded the decree and gave him authority over demolitions. His father, the son and grandson of architects, had joined the Nazi party in 1931 and soon . Supposing politics to be irrelevant, he turned aside and built roads and bridges and factories, while the logical consequences of government by madmen emerged. In the summer of 1942 Paulus advanced toward Stalingrad with 250,000 men, 500 tanks, 7,000 guns and mortars, and 25,000 horses. This miracle was brought to a halt in the summer of 1943 by, among other factors, the first sustained Allied bombing. He was 76 years old. [168] Speer also falsely claimed that he had realised the war was lost at an early stage, and thereafter worked to preserve the resources needed for the civilian population's survival. Adam Tooze wrote in The Wages of Destruction that the idea that Speer was an apolitical technocrat was "absurd". I thought he was to be relieved quite early from the Kessel, from influence of Albert Speer. Though stockpiling of materials and other work continued, this slowed to a halt as more resources were needed for the armament industry. Sereny decided to complete the book alone . 1971. He originally wanted to become a mathematician, but his father advised against the wish, suggesting that he would "lead a life without money, without a position, and . Speer, Albert (1905-81). [156] Speer took his myth-making to a mass media level and his "cunning apologies" were reproduced frequently in post-war Germany. [138] He said little, reserving most comments for a major interview published in Der Spiegel in November 1966. Speer died of a stroke in 1981. Albert Speer (fdt Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer den 19. marts 1905 i Mannheim, dd 1. september 1981 i London) var en tysk arkitekt, der under 2. verdenskrig var rustningsminister (Reichsminister fr Bewaffnung und Munition) i Nazi-Tyskland.Lnge inden ministerudnvnelsen havde Speer vret Adolf Hitlers foretrukne arkitekt.. Speer blev medlem af nazistpartiet i 1931. . In 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for Berlin. Albert Speer, nemki arhitekt in politik, * 19. marec 1905, Mannheim, 1. september 1981, London, Zdrueno kraljestvo . [29] Speer modified Werner March's design for the Olympic Stadium being built for the 1936 Summer Olympics. Instead, development turned to a "uranium motor", for use in the navy's submarines. Albert Speer was a German architect famous for his time in the Nazi Party and for his close friendship with Adolf Hitler. After he failed to do so, his father gave him a part-time job as manager of his properties. . Albert Speer (1905-1981) was a trained architect. Included in the building works was material to build gas chambers, crematoria and morgues. Gring was reluctant to grant this. [14] The couple would have six children together, but Albert Speer grew increasingly distant from his family after 1933. [54], In 1941, Speer was elected to the Reichstag from electoral constituency 2 (Berlin-West). [96] In January 1945, Speer told Goebbels that armaments production could be sustained for at least a year. The V-2's first target was Paris on 8 September 1944. [53] Speer's offices undertook building work for each branch of the military, and for the SS, using slave labor. He continued to deny explicit knowledge of, and responsibility for the Holocaust. From 1946 to 1966, while serving the sentence in Spandau Prison, he penned more than 2,000 manuscript pages of personal memoirs. Albert Speer was a young architect initially seduced by the speeches and rhetoric of Hitler. The cylinder is now a protected landmark and is open to the public. (Black and white photographs from Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth by Gitta Sereny, published by Picador) To date, the foundation has given more than 500,000 in grants to more than 100 Jewish women for projects. When the commission was completed, Speer returned to Mannheim and remained there as Hitler took office in January1933. Nobody else in Hitler's circle, not even Josef Goebbels, was shown such favoritism. The complicated architecture of Albert Speer, Jr. From being the son of a Nazi to becoming one of the world's foremost architects, this 82-year-old urban planner has been on top of the German planning world for more than half a century. [81], In response to the Allied Big Week, Adolf Hitler authorized the creation of a Fighter Staff committee. [106][c], By April, little was left of the armaments industry, and Speer had few official duties. [164] Brechtken said that if his extensive involvement in the Holocaust had been known at the time of his trial he would have been sentenced to death. The relationship was frowned upon by Speer's class-conscious mother, who felt the Webers were socially inferior. [1]:55,71,7879,83,105,115116,138,188,651,674,696, Starting in April 1942, Speer became aware of the potential of German nuclear research in developing, in his words, "a weapon which could annihilate whole cities." - London, Anglia, 1981. szeptember 1.) Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (German: [pe] ( listen); March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. There's a small road going to the right. [23][24], In the English version of his memoirs, Speer says that his political commitment merely consisted of paying his "monthly dues". Speer joined the National Socialist Party in January 1931; he wrote "I was not choosing the NSDAP, but becoming a follower of Hitler, whose magnetic force had reached out to me the first time I saw him and had not, thereafter, released me." Described by associates as ice cold. [126] In Spandau Diaries, Speer aimed to present himself as a tragic hero who had made a Faustian bargain for which he endured a harsh prison sentence. His sister's name was Carrie. In 1918, moved to Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg, Heidelberg, Germany. - Han var ikke sdan en morfar, man sad p skdet af, og . First Architect of the Third Reich. He was aided editorially by Wolf Jobst Siedler, Ullstein and Propylaen, and Joachim Fest. [13], In mid-1922, Speer began courting Margarete (Margret) Weber (19051987), the daughter of a successful craftsman who employed 50 workers. Using misleading statistics, he promoted himself as having performed an armaments miracle that was widely credited with keeping Germany in the war. [2] In 1918, the family leased their Mannheim residence and moved to a home they had in Heidelberg. [52] Construction stopped on the Berlin and Nremberg plans at the outbreak of war. His mother died in 1952. Como Ministro do Armamento, Speer foi responsvel pela grande produtividade da Alemanha neste setor nos anos finais da Segunda Guerra Mundial. The battle is infamous as one of the largest . Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/pr/; German: [pe] (listen); 19 March 1905 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. The oldest brother turned into a thorn in his youger brother a nemzeti szocialista Nmet Birodalom fptsze, fegyverkezsi minisztere, a haditermels irnytja.. A hbor befejezse utn Nrnbergben egyetlen volt a brsg el lltott szemlyek kzl, aki elismerte felelssgt a msodik vilghbors esemnyekrt, hsz . Speer's Heidelberg school offered rugby football, unusual for Germany, skiing, and Speer was a participant. [19] This work won Speer his first national post, as Nazi Party "Commissioner for the Artistic and Technical Presentation of Party Rallies and Demonstrations". 4.10 avg rating 13,205 ratings published 1969 86 editions. The myth began to fall apart in the 1980s, when the armaments miracle was attributed to Nazi propaganda. [153] He was well-educated, middle class, and bourgeois, and could contrast himself with those who, in the popular mind, typified "bad Nazis". Feigned repentance at Nuremberg, saving his own neck. [158] Speer, Siedler and Fest had constructed a masterpiece; the image of the "good Nazi" remained in place for decades, despite historical evidence indicating that it was false. He remained so even after his release from imprisonment in 1966, despite their efforts to forge closer bonds. the eldest went to visit his brother while in spandau prison and by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 07:49, Post Detailed plans were completed in July 1937 and the first shell of the new chancellery was complete on 1 January 1938. [151] His daughter, Margret Nissen, wrote in her 2005 memoirs that after his release from Spandau he spent all of his time constructing the "Speer Myth". Having served his full term, Speer was released in 1966. [44] The chancellery was completed in early January 1939. He was acquitted on the other two counts. [91], On 14 April 1944, Speer lost control of Organisation Todt to his Deputy, Franz Xaver Dorsch. [100] Speer gained control over the railways in February, and asked Heinrich Himmler to supply concentration camp prisoners to work on their repair. [94] After the plot Speer's rivals attacked some of his closest allies and his management system fell out of favor with radicals in the party. His claim was revealed to be false in a private correspondence written in 1971 and publicly disclosed in 2007. Speer described the personalities of many Nazi officials, including Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Gring, Heinrich Himmler, Rudolf Hess, Martin Bormann, and, of course, Hitler himself. [25] After the war, he claimed to have had little interest in politics at all and had joined almost by chance. Two senior servants of the Third Reich, Albert Speer, Hitler's Armaments Minister, and Baldur von Schirach, former leader of the Hitler Youth and Gauleiter of Vienna, were released at midnight. [43], During the Chancellery project, the pogrom of Kristallnacht took place. Speer provided Hitler with a memorandum on 15 March, which detailed Germany's dire economic situation and sought approval to cease demolitions of infrastructure. Profile manager: Gordon Becker [ send private message ] The Speer houses are on the right side. [164] Even so, public perceptions of Speer did not change substantially until Heinrich Breloer aired a biographical film on TV in 2004. Prisoners worked for Junkers, Messerschmitt, Henschel and BMW, among others. [173] In 2005, The Daily Telegraph reported that documents had surfaced indicating that Speer had approved the allocation of materials for the expansion of Auschwitz concentration camp after two of his assistants inspected the facility on a day when almost a thousand Jews were massacred. See answer (1) Copy. [73] Sauckel obtained new workers often using the most brutal methods. happened. Speer enthusiastically supported the program and in March 1942 made an order for A4 rockets, the predecessor of the world's first ballistic missile, the V-2 rocket. In September 1945, he was told that he would be tried for war crimes, and several days later, he was moved to Nuremberg and incarcerated there. Die Zelle. He coveted control of the production of armaments for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine as well. His sentence of twenty years amounted to 7,305 days, which only allotted one and a half days per book. I am sure that an oppressive feeling struck me as I drove past. While dozens of submarines were built, few ever entered service. Entrance to Spandau Prison, 1951. ", The main body of the book effectively ends when Speer, by this point having joined Karl Dnitz's government seated in Schleswig-Holstein, receives news of Hitler's death. [102][103] Hitler rejected Speer's proposal to cease demolitions. [31] Speer designed the German Pavilion for the 1937 international exposition in Paris. Trevor-Roper frequently refers to Speer as "a technocrat [who] nourished a technocrat's philosophy", one who cared only for his building projects or his ministerial duties, and who thought that politics was irrelevant, at least until Hitler's Nero Decree which Speer, according to his own telling, worked assiduously to counter. An upcoming BBC documentary is set to highlight the remarkable story of Albert Goering the brother of Nazi minister and air force chief Hermann Goering who is said to have saved hundreds of. [91], The largest technological advance under Speer's command came through the rocket program. [101], By mid-March, Speer had accepted that Germany's economy would collapse within the next eight weeks. A brick factory was built near the Oranienburg concentration camp at Speer's behest; when someone commented on the poor conditions there, Speer stated, "The Yids got used to making bricks while in Egyptian captivity". [1] In 1944, Speer established a task force to increase production of fighter aircraft. Another myth posits that Speer revolutionized the German war machine after his appointment as Minister of Armaments. [112], Speer was taken to several internment centres for Nazi officials and interrogated. Speer was able to have his writings sent to Wolters, however, and they eventually amounted to 20,000 pages. Despite this opposition, the two married in Berlin on 28 August 1928; seven years elapsed before Margarete was invited to stay at her in-laws' home. FC Bayern Munich opens a new sports complex with a youth academy planned by AS+P. Stars Laurence Olivier Averell Harriman Albert Speer See production, box office & company info Search on Amazon search for Blu-ray and DVD Add to Watchlist 120 User reviews 5 Critic reviews Top rated TV #14 Progress was slow because fuel was rationed and Army Group A were given priority. Oil production became so low that any possibility of offensive action became impossible and weaponry lay idle. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. Then it was too late; Germany had been destroyed. Yet development and production would take at least two years. Figlio e nipote di architetti, Spee. [176] In 2007, The Guardian reported that a letter from Speer dated 23 December 1971, had been found in a collection of his correspondence with Hlne Jeanty, the widow of a Belgian resistance fighter. However, his other brother Ernst had died in the Battle of Stalingrad, despite repeated requests from his parents for Speer to repatriate him. The program while advanced proved to be an impediment to the war economy. [121] There he was known as Prisoner Number Five. After serving. [83] His political rivals used the opportunity to undermine his authority and damage his reputation with Hitler. I was searching for information about Ernst (?) [11] As such, Speer taught some of his classes while continuing his own postgraduate studies. Discussions on the personalities of the Wehrmacht and of the organizations not covered in the other sections. The film presents original videos from the Nazi Germany period and conversations with Speer, in which the great deception he tried to present at the Nuremberg trials and in his book is revealed.[6]. Albert Speer, Germany Architect. During his life, he worked on redesigning city centers of . 46.104 since 1942 - according to himself he declined all Ehrenrnge offered, but in the end accepted the Rank of a SS-Mann. Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. In 1944, this became endemic; over half a million workers were arrested. I'd like to know more about his life; all I know is that he was inside Stalingrad's. [6] He followed in the footsteps of his father and grandfather and studied architecture. For Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, AS+P completes the planning of the Ministry of Commerce and Investment (MCI). Finally, in the summer of 1943, Speer released the 1200 metric tons of uranium stock for use in solid-core ammunition. Thanks! [178] The production of armaments did go up; however, this was due to the normal causes of reorganization before Speer came to office, the relentless mobilization of slave labor and a deliberate reduction in the quality of output to favor quantity. [174] Heinrich Breloer, discussing the construction of Auschwitz, said Speer was not just a cog in the workhe was the "terror itself". Hosted by askropp and Frech. His brothers names were Charles, Albert, Louis (Ludwig), and Men da Moritz Schramm var barn, var det et andet blik, han havde p morfaren. by punktlich02 29 Oct 2009, 11:35, Return to The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section. [7], Speer began his architectural studies at the University of Karlsruhe instead of a more highly acclaimed institution because the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 limited his parents' income. [77], Speer and his hand-picked director of submarine construction Otto Merker believed that the shipbuilding industry was being held back by outdated methods, and revolutionary new approaches imposed by outsiders would dramatically improve output. Concerned about retaining power, he did not appoint a deputy and continued to direct work of the Armaments Ministry from his bedside. The public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich and a major war criminal became a popular figure almost overnight. These centered on a three-mile-long grand boulevard running from north to south, which Speer called the Prachtstrasse, or Street of Magnificence;[35] he also referred to it as the "NorthSouth Axis". "[115] Speer's attorney, Hans Flchsner, successfully contrasted Speer from other defendants[116] and portrayed him as an artist thrust into political life who had always remained a non-ideologue. [128] Spandau had a large enclosed yard where inmates were allocated plots of land for gardening. If built, the German Stadium would have accommodated 400,000 spectators. Speer states that even if Germany concentrated all of its resources, it would have been 1947 before they could have had an atom bomb. Four years into their relationship, in September 1981, Speer died. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi . like so many other Germans his body was never found or returned to . Sereny gained respect for his sincerity in his personal "battle with truth.". In July1932, the Speers visited Berlin to help out the Party before the Reichstag elections. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding his degree of awareness or involvement with them. [98] Nevertheless, Speer believed that Germany should continue the war for as long as possible with the goal of winning better conditions from the Allies than the unconditional surrender they insisted upon. Naval armaments were not under Speer's supervision until October 1943, nor the Luftwaffe's armaments until June of the following year. At that time, he asked the Milch at the Luftwaffe to find Ernst and retrieve him. Der er bare lige den hage ved Moritz Schramms morfar, at han var den kendte topnazist Albert Speer fra Hitlers inderkreds, og at han i dag anses for at vre en af Anden Verdenskrigs helt store forbrydere. [159], Speer had carefully constructed an image of himself as an apolitical technocrat who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. He admitted only to being uncomfortable around Jews in the published version of the Spandau Diaries. [79] This belief proved incorrect, and Speer and Merker's attempt to build the Kriegsmarine's new generation of submarines, the Type XXI and Type XXIII, as prefabricated sections at different facilities rather than at single dockyards contributed to the failure of this strategically important program. [107] Speer visited the Fhrerbunker on 22 April for the last time. In 1942, he was named Minister of Armaments and Munitions, assuming significant responsibility for the German war economy. Under his leadership, the Nazis implemented a brutal regime of slave labour in armaments factories across Germany. Albert Speer (Mannheim, Nmetorszg, 1905. mrcius 19. [55] At the same time, Hitler also appointed Speer as head of the Organisation Todt, a massive, government-controlled construction company. 2. [34] Hitler ordered Speer to develop plans to rebuild Berlin. [18], The organizers of the 1933 Nuremberg Rally asked Speer to submit designs for the rally, bringing him into contact with Hitler for the first time. [176] Speer is mentioned several times in the speech, and Himmler addresses him directly. [48] He also said: " en route to my ministry on the city highway, I could see crowds of people on the platform of nearby Nikolassee Railroad Station. He was credited with a dramatic increase in the shipment of arms that was widely reported as keeping Germany in the war. After hearing Hitler speak at a Berlin . When you take it you'll get to an open field where you can see the Speer houses. [32], On 30 January 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for the Reich Capital. Speer made no mention of it in the first draft of Inside the Third Reich. In the aftermath of the Night of the Long Knives, he had been commissioned to renovate the Borsig Palace on the corner of Vostrae and Wilhelmstrae as headquarters of the Sturmabteilung (SA). This image dominated his historiography in the decades following the war, giving rise to the "Speer Myth": the perception of him as an apolitical technocrat responsible for revolutionizing the German war machine. It takes the reader inside Nazi Germany on four different levels: Hitler's inner circle, National Socialism as a whole, the area of wartime production and the inner struggle of Albert Speer. [162], After Speer's death, Matthias Schmidt published a book that demonstrated that Speer had ordered the eviction of Jews from their Berlin homes. Million workers were arrested and 25,000 horses and damage his reputation with.... Sad p skdet af, og Fighter aircraft Stalingrad albert speer brother stalingrad Goebbels, shown! 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Development and production would take at least two years Spandau Prison, he worked on redesigning centers... A protected landmark and is open to the war job as manager of his classes while his... Have had little interest in politics at all and had joined almost by chance of, Joachim. And shipped to Speer 's factories were built, the family leased their Mannheim residence and moved Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg... Among other factors, the German Stadium would have accommodated 400,000 spectators Party 1931. 1930, Speer had accepted that Germany 's economy would collapse within the eight... Marec 1905, Mannheim, 1. September 1981, London, Zdrueno kraljestvo Speer, nemki arhitekt in politik *! The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section war, he did not appoint a Deputy and continued to deny knowledge!