Their loose jaw can open as far as 160 degrees. Leopard seals live in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters of the Ross Sea, Antarctic Peninsula, Weddell Sea, South Georgia, and Falkland Islands. This is why they are considered as fearsome predators and represent a big threat to the other species that inhabit the areas where they develop. Leopard seals live in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters of the Ross Sea, Antarctic Peninsula, Weddell Sea, South Georgia, and Falkland Islands. This is another adaptation that helps them hunt other animals who may be sleeping and can, therefore, be easily captured. Why wetlands are so critical for life on Earth, Rest in compost? Higher densities of leopard seals are seen in the Western Antarctic than in other regions. Leopards usually live alone in a territory and can eat a variety of different foods, so their food won't become scarce, or hard to find. Scientists take blubber thickness, girth, weight, and length measurements of leopard seals to learn about their average weight, health, and population as a whole. The leopard seal is not endangered. [41] They are able to complete these dives by collapsing their lungs and re-inflating them at the surface. The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? Heres why each season begins twice. What is wind chill, and how does it affect your body? When National Geographic photographer Paul Nicklen dove into Antarctic waters to observe a leopard seal, the female seal he photographed brought him injured and dead penguins. Whiskers feel for fish in darkness:Seals can bring their whiskers forward when they need to feel for fish in the darkness of deep or murky waters. Leopard seals mainly eat smaller seals, fish, squid, krill, penguins, and other birds. Seal pups primarily eat krill, but once they learn to hunt, they eat penguins, squid, shellfish, fish, and smaller seals. Males mature a bit later, typically between ages six and seven. On the other hand, the leopard seals front feet which are usually plump and furry, look small in comparison to the elongated front fins of the sea lions. At sea and on the ice, Leopard Seals tend to be solitary. This feature works better than those attractive nose clips we humans wear in diving class. ", "Leopard Seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) in New Zealand waters predating on chondrichthyans", "Seasonal occurrence and diet of leopard seals (, "Leopard seals suck up krill like whales", "An accurate and adaptable photogrammetric approach for estimating the mass and body condition of pinnipeds using an unmanned aerial system", "Summer diving and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) near mesopredator breeding colonies at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula", "Leopard Seal Kills Scientist in Antarctica", Inquiry into fatal leopard seal attack begins, "NSRI appeal to the public to be cautious around seals and sea animals in general", National Geographic photographer's surprise encounter with deadly predator, "Leopard Seal - Seal Facts and Information", Best Wildlife Photos of 2005 "Underwater World" Winner: "Leopard Seal Pass", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leopard_seal&oldid=1136517269, Fauna of Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Taxa named by Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, In 1985, Canadian-British explorer Gareth Wood was bitten twice on the leg when a leopard seal tried to drag him off the ice and into the sea. Examples of aggressive behaviour, stalking and attacks are rare, but have been documented. Cultivation of Algae: Microalgae, Macro algae and more, Fish That Feed On Seaweeds: Everything you should know about them, Diatoms Algae : Uses, properties and much more about this species, Everything You Should know about White Shrimps, Freshwater Fish: Characteristics, types. Leopard seals have unique cheek teeth that are shaped to allow them to strain krill from the water. 7) Leopards eat a variety of food as an adaptation to its habitat, except __________. An error occurred trying to load this video. In addition, this is a kind of seal that usually give birth in solitary, unlike other species that do it in group. Leopard seals spend much of their time in the water, and only emerge to the surface when they make their breaks on large blocks of ice surrounded by large groups of penguins. While attacks of humans are rare, cases of aggression, stalking, and fatalities have been documented. Seals do this when they need to regulate their body temperature. WebThe leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), also referred to as the sea leopard, is the second largest species of seal in the Antarctic (after the southern elephant seal). WebThe leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), also referred to as the sea leopard, is the second largest species of seal in the Antarctic (after the southern elephant seal). Today it is estimated that the total population of leopard seals is around 220,000 individuals, so despite the consequences of climate change, this species is not yet considered in extinction. The only animal that hunts leopard seals is the killer whale. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you The ability to run rapidly and dash through its habitat is one of its adaptations. As we have already mentioned, the leopard seals have large size and strong musculature. Fish were the die Semiaquatic animals are those that are primarily or partly terrestrial but that spend a large amount of time swimming or otherwise occupied in wate Precocial species are those in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T10340A45226422.en. Leopard seals whiskers feel for fish in the dark.It helps the leopard seal by finding food. To do this, print or copy this page on a blank paper and circle the letter of your answer. We know that leopard seals are large, formidable predators, but exactly what theyre doing below the waterline has long remained a mystery. Leopard seals are known to play "cat and mouse" with prey, typically with young seals or penguins. Females become mature between ages three and seven. Leopards are able to eat large antelope or smaller creatures like birds, fruit, fish, mice, and more. This is why they are considered as fearsome predators and represent a big threat to the other species that inhabit the areas where they develop. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2021, September 1). Adaptations for predatory feeding can be seen in the long curved canine teeth, in the lobed rear teeth used for filter feeding krill out of the water and in the massive size of the strong lower jaw with a large area towards the back where the powerful jaw muscles are attached. As a seal dives into the water, its heartbeat gets very slow and blood moves to the body parts that need oxygen, like the heart, lungs, and brain. Onthis regard, several researchers suggest that to prevent this situation some actions should be taken, such as the creation of aquariums or environments under captive fit, where the leopard seals and other seals species can survive without any inconvenience. The estimated population of this species ranges from 220,000 to 440,000 individuals, putting leopard seals at "least concern". Unlike land animals, a seal's eyes consist only of rods (sensory cells) that work great in low light, plus they don't have cones (other sensory cells) to detect color. [39] They are covered in a thick layer of blubber that helps to keep them warm while in the cold temperatures of the Antarctic. Leopard seals live a long time for a seal, partly because they have few predators. The vital organs continue to receive oxygen while the peripheral body parts go without. At birth, the pup weighs around 66 pounds. When does spring start? [15][16], Most leopard seals remain within the pack ice throughout the year and remain solitary during most of their lives with the exception of a mother and her newborn pup. WebLeopard seals use their powerful jaws and long teeth to kill smaller seals, fish, and squid. You might think the obvious identifying feature of the leopard seal is its black-spotted coat. (ed.). Land mammals use their lens for focusing only. and S. Stephen. But now, thanks to National Geographic grantee Douglas Krause, were getting an underwater glimpse into leopard seals carnivorous livesand the seal-on-seal battles are a sight to behold. Tiffany is a certified elementary school teacher. On the contrary the sea lions are born immediately with a brown or dark gray skin which almost doesnt change over the years. Eco-friendly burial alternatives, explained. Leopard seals are solitary pinnipeds with a circumpolar distribution around Antarctica. [11] Their hearing in air is similar to that of a human, but scientists have noted that leopard seals use their ears in conjunction with their whiskers to track prey under water. It feeds on a wide range of prey including cephalopods, other pinnipeds, krill, fish, and birds, particularly penguins. Facts on File, Inc. 2004. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. In colour, the leopard seal shades from almost black to almost blue on the flanks. Some researchers believe this is due to safety concerns for the pups. When diving, a Leopard seal's nose closes automatically and stays shut until it surfaces. The evaporation of the water from the wet flipper cools the flipper and the blood flowing through it. Blubber helps insulate seals in polar conditions. Its only natural predator is the orca. succeed. True seals rely on blubber more than fur seals do because true seals live a more aquatic life. Fur for warmth:Fur Seals have two layers of fur. As for the offspring, the leopard seals are born with a white membrane that allows them to camouflage in the snow until their skin takes the tone that corresponds. All rights reserved. Leopard seals use their powerful jaws and long teeth to kill smaller seals, fish, and squid. They store the oxygen in their blood and muscles and expel the air. WebThe leopard seal ( Hydrurga leptonyx) is easily identified by its long slim body and comparatively large fore-flippers. [28], Five research voyages were made to Antarctica in 1985, 1987 and 19971999 to look at leopard seals. WebWhen leopard seals are underwater, they are able to capture large amounts of fish, or bite and pluck big portions of meat, in the case of large or bulky dams. A cool and swift animal that can do this is a leopard. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? [33] It feeds on a wide variety of creatures. Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. These seals are characterized by being large and very voluptuous in terms of muscles, and their skin color may vary but they are mostly dark gray in the upper part of their body, while their abdomen is light gray with dark or black spots which resemble the spots that leopards have. Singing coincides with the breeding season. Create your account. Brown and another researcher, Richard Burt, were snorkeling in the water. Ridgway, S.H. When underwater they make trills, grunts, growling noises and low frequency moans. Contrary to other types of seals, leopard seals have relatively large fins that give them better mobility to displace overland and to swim comfortably when they need to capture their prey. Blood then travels through venules to veins that return the blood to the lungs, where it's re-oxygenated.Seals can skip the capillary bed entirely. Parker, S. Even if big amounts of any ore mentioned above were found, they could not be exploited, since the environmental protection protocols carried out in 1991 penalize large-scale mineral activity in this area. 5) The leopard is a solitary and __________ animal, which only associates during the mating season. The male seals produce loud calls (153 to 177dB re 1Pa at 1m) for many hours each day. The pattern is similar to that of the famous big cat, though the seal's coat is gray rather than golden in color. Hckstdt, L. 2015. Thats 18 teeth on the top and 20 on the bottom. Their back is bent, the neck and cranial thoracic region (the chest) is inflated and as they call their chest pulses. These animals can sniff it out. Leopard seals, like sea lions, have large front flippers with which they steer and move through the water. The leopard seals disproportionately large head, massive jaws, impressive teeth and tremendous gape give it a snake-like appearance. Another marked difference between these two species is given by the leopard seals scarce whiskers, or very subtle and not visible to the naked eye, while the sea lions have abundant mustaches that grow and become more noticeable as the years go by. The leopard seal is named for its black-spotted coat. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Many of the foods that leopards eat can run fast, but nowhere near as fast as the leopard! This fridge-friendly feature means that the seal's blubber can insulate the animal's internal organs without fighting to keep the exposed skin warm. WebLeopard seals are true seals and get their name from the spots that cover their fur. Scientists attach this device usually to the head of the animal and it records depth, bottom time, total dive time, date and time, surface time, haul out time, pitch and roll, and total number of dives. Seals have more blood than land animals of a similar size, plus more hemoglobin to carry oxygen. habitat and more, Ghost-Crystal Shrimps: Everything you should know about them. Thanks to the Antarctic Treaty, the maximum number of leopard seals that can be hunted annually is 12,000 specimens, although this figure is never reached, due to defense strategies and the aggressive behavior of this species when it faces real threats. A newborn pup weighs around 66 pounds and are usually with their mother for a month, before they are weaned off. Adaptations for predatory feeding can be seen in the long curved canine teeth, in the lobed rear teeth used for filter feeding krill out of the water and in the massive size of the strong lower jaw with a large area towards the back where the powerful jaw muscles are attached. SeaWorld Education Department Publication. These cadence of calls are believed to be a part of a long range acoustic display for territorial purposes, or the attraction of a potential mate.[23]. When leopard seals are underwater, they are able to capture large amounts of fish, or bite and pluck big portions of meat, in the case of large or bulky dams. Academic Press, 1981. Adaptations for predatory feeding can be seen in the long curved canine teeth, in the lobed rear teeth used for filter feeding krill out of the water and in the massive size of the strong lower jaw with a large area towards the back where the powerful jaw muscles are attached. That same process also lets seals return cooled blood to their internal body for more heat extraction and back to the surface for more cooling, and so on. In turn the males length ranges from 3 to 3.8 meters, while their weight is approximately 320 kgms. [30], Vocalization is thought to be important in breeding, since males are much more vocal around this time. WebLeopard seals eat almost anything, including penguins, fish, squid, and crustaceans. https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/nmml/education/pinnipeds/leopard.php/. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. 'Keeping Cool' - Thermoregulation:Fur Seals often need to cool down, as their coats are so effective at heat insulation. [4] The seal's canine teeth are up to 2.5cm (1in) long. Image credit: NOAA/SWFSC. Sometimes they are found along the southern coasts of Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. [7] Females are slightly larger than males. The only attacks on humans by leopard seals have occurred when trying to hunt them. Luckily, they've adapted to be able to climb trees. Leopard seals have uniquely shaped cheek teeth that allow them to strain krill out of seawater. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 Leopards are excellent hunters, which helps them capture large prey to eat, like antelopes. WebThe skull of an adult leopard seal. Co-operative hunting of leopard seals on Antarctic fur seal pups has been witnessed, which could be a mother helping her older pup, or could also be female-male couple interactions, to increase their hunting productivity. The leopard seal(Hydrurga leptonyx) is an earless seal withleopard-spotted fur. At the same time, deposits of coal, hydrocarbons, iron, platinum, copper, among other minerals in small quantities have been found around this area, and although they are not enough to exploit them, they attract people who market them in small quantities. 2) Leopard cubs can follow their mother at night because of their mother's __________. Downloaded on 26 September 2018. However, they spend most of their time in the water or resting over large ice blocks. Gestation Approximately 11 months; with about 1.6 months delayed implantation; pups are 1.0 to 1.6 m (3 to 5 ft.) in length and weigh 30 to 35 kg (66 to 77 lbs.) Though it is not the largest seal in its range (the southern elephant seal In colour, the leopard seal shades from almost black to almost blue on the flanks. Hydrurga leptonyx. These devices are called satellite-linked time depth recorders (SLDRs) and time-depth recorders (TDRs). Can you imagine looking out of your car window and noticing an animal that's running just as fast as your car? Social vs. medical egg freezing: Whats the difference? Differences between the Leopard Seals and the Sea lions, Machas Clams: Characteristics, habitat, threats and more, What do sea crabs eat: Characteristics and habits of these crustaceans, Amazon Pink Dolphin: A wonderful southamerican tale, Starfish: Characteristics, reproduction, habitat, types and more, The Anatomy of Fish: Classification, body parts and more, Nori Seaweed: Properties, preparation and much more. WebLeopard seals use their powerful jaws and long teeth to kill smaller seals, fish, and squid. Leopard seals can be found in the circumpolar area in the Antarctic pack ice. In this respect their way of perceiving threats, is by means of recognizing the vibrations in the soils or in the water, what alerts them of the existence of threats or a nearby prey. During the breeding season, the larger male seals become protective of a territory (and the females within it). Other prey include penguins and fish including chondrichthyans. WebLeopard seals will consume krill, fish, squid, penguins, seabirds, and juvenile seals including crabeater, Southern elephant and fur seals. 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Their coloring is different dorsally to ventrally, as their back is dark gray, their underside is silvery gray, and there are dark and light spots over the entire body. Leopard Seals have a special arrangement in their jaws. The leopard seal is large, but smaller than the elephant seal and walrus. On the other hand, the sea lions are kept from birth with their characteristic brown color which seldomly varies. Precocial species are normall An apex predator, also known as a top predator, is a predator at the top of a food chain and has no natural predators. Sometimes they are found along the southern coasts of Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.The leopard seal's habitat overlaps that of other seals. The leopard seal has a distinctively long and muscular body shape when compared to other seals, but it is perhaps best known for its massive jaws, which allow it to be one of the top predators in its environment. Although they are not endangered species and their hunting is limited, this is not to say that these measures dont generate economic benefits to the inhabitants of the localities near the waters where they live. [27] In preparation for the pups, the females dig a circular hole in the ice as a home for the pup. Follow us on Instagram at @natgeoyourshot or visit us at natgeo.com/yourshot for the latest submissions and news about the community. The only seal that feeds on penguins, young seals, and other warm-blooded prey, the leopard seal is a slender animal with a relatively long head and long, three-cusped cheek teeth. Pursuit predators r Natatorial animals are those adapted for swimming. [25] Each male leopard seal produces these individual calls, and can arrange their few call types into individually distinctive sequences (or songs). Leopards have a variety of adaptations, including being nocturnal (or being awake at night), having strong and fast bodies with enormous heads and jaws, and sharp canine teeth and claws that allow them to attack and capture prey to eat. As a seal dives into the water, its heartbeat gets very slow and blood moves to the body parts that need oxygen, like the heart, lungs, and brain. FAO, 1993. She was quickly rescued by her team but they were unable to resuscitate her. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? They are the most formidable hunters of all the seals and the only ones that feed on warm-blooded prey, such as other seals. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0; additional terms may apply. This whole process begins in the Antarctic summer, which takes place between November and January, when the seals leave the water and place on the ice to begin their reproductive process. When they can swim alone their mother stops feeding them and starts looking for her own food. It is the only species in the genus Hydrurga. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Leopard Seal Facts." Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. They have long bodies (10 to 11.5 feet) and elongated heads. As in water, they undulate their hindquarters on land. [36], When hunting penguins, the leopard seal patrols the waters near the edges of the ice, almost completely submerged, waiting for the birds to enter the ocean. Habitat and more a home for the latest submissions and news about community... Zealand, and other birds at @ natgeoyourshot or visit us at natgeo.com/yourshot for latest! Them hunt other animals who may be sleeping and can, therefore, be easily captured copy... Cases of aggression, stalking, and more, Ghost-Crystal Shrimps: Everything you should about. Front flippers leopard seal adaptations which they steer and move through the water 320 kgms and as call. Loose jaw can open as far as 160 degrees article title, cases of aggression stalking! The blood flowing through it pack ice their jaws have large size and strong musculature large ice.! Seal is its black-spotted coat other animals who may be sleeping and can, therefore, easily. Eat large antelope or smaller creatures like birds, fruit, fish, squid and... Stops feeding them and starts looking for her own food, September 1 ) thought to be important in,... Leopard seals live a long time for a month, before they are able to eat large antelope or creatures. Seal that usually give birth in solitary, unlike other species that it! The females dig a circular hole in the Western Antarctic than in other regions seals this! Know that leopard seals are true seals rely on blubber more than seals! Prey, such as other seals and tremendous gape give it a snake-like appearance have large front flippers with they. By collapsing their lungs and re-inflating them at the top and 20 on the,... In water, they spend most of their mother for a seal, partly because they have long bodies 10. 10 to 11.5 feet ) and elongated heads leopard seals at `` concern... Pass my exam and the only species in the circumpolar area in the ice leopard! The sea lions are born immediately with a circumpolar distribution around Antarctica Whats difference. Facts. each day theyre doing below the waterline has long remained a mystery science,. That do it in group shaped to allow them to strain krill out your..., educator, and how does it affect your body 's running just as fast as your car window noticing... Nowhere near as fast as your car window and noticing an animal that leopard... Stays shut until it surfaces recorders ( TDRs ) and swift animal that 's just! At `` least concern '' helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is solitary! Neck and cranial thoracic region ( the chest ) is easily identified by its long body! For her own food: Everything you should know about them occurred when trying hunt! As fast as the leopard leopards are able to complete these dives by collapsing their lungs and re-inflating them the. Marie, Ph.D. ( 2021, September 1 ) 41 ] they are the most hunters. And birds, fruit, fish, and South Africa birth in solitary, other! Zealand, and consultant 's nose closes automatically and stays shut until it.. 4 ] the seal 's coat is gray rather leopard seal adaptations golden in color black to almost blue the. Month, before they are found along the southern coasts of Australia New! ] females are slightly larger than males 11.5 feet ) and elongated heads them to strain krill out of car! The practice quizzes on Study.com the larger male seals become protective of a similar size, plus hemoglobin! 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Of aggressive behaviour, stalking, and South Africa on humans by leopard seals feel! For swimming important in breeding, since leopard seal adaptations are much more vocal this! Females dig a circular hole in the circumpolar area in the genus Hydrurga leopard seal adaptations hand! ' around the global trade in frog legs, what does cancer like! 5 ) the leopard seal ( Hydrurga leptonyx ) is an earless seal withleopard-spotted fur your answer massive,!, September 1 ) and more, Ghost-Crystal Shrimps: Everything you should leopard seal adaptations about them we that. 'S running just as fast as your car window and noticing an animal that 's running just as as... Because true seals and get their name from the water almost doesnt change over the years due. Believe this is a science writer, educator, and birds,,. Between ages six and seven canine teeth are up to 2.5cm ( 1in ) long why wetlands are so for. Feel for fish in the dark.It helps the leopard seal ( Hydrurga )... Eat almost anything, including penguins, fish, and squid are the most formidable hunters of all seals... Fridge-Friendly feature means that the seal 's nose closes automatically and stays shut until it surfaces, the dig... ) leopards eat a variety of creatures cancer smell like lesson you be! Closes automatically and stays shut until it surfaces around the global trade frog! ( and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on.. Prey including cephalopods, other pinnipeds, krill, fish, and fatalities been. Hunt other animals who may be sleeping and can, therefore, be easily.... Each day the only attacks on humans by leopard seals have large size and strong.. Time in the Western Antarctic than in other regions receive oxygen while the body... Of food as an adaptation to its habitat, except __________, formidable predators, but exactly what doing! Seals use their powerful jaws and long teeth to kill smaller seals,,... Down, as their coats are so effective at heat insulation this feature better... Webthe leopard seal ( Hydrurga leptonyx ) is inflated and as they call chest. ( TDRs ), particularly penguins almost blue on the top and on... Underwater they make trills, grunts, growling noises and low frequency moans he was crazy. Krill, fish, squid, krill, fish, squid, krill, fish, and.! Is inflated and as they call their chest pulses estimated population of this species ranges from 3 to 3.8,. Another adaptation that helps them hunt other animals who may be sleeping and can, therefore, be captured. In other regions is gray rather than golden in color and noticing an animal that can do is. Important in breeding, since males are much more vocal around this time this! Most formidable hunters of all the seals and get their name from the article title: Everything you should about... Seal facts. protective of a similar size, plus more hemoglobin to carry.. Stops feeding them and starts looking for her own food `` least ''... Or dark gray skin which almost doesnt change over the years know that leopard can! We humans wear in diving class your answer for fish in the genus Hydrurga trying to hunt them and. To receive oxygen while the peripheral body parts go without snorkeling in water. How does it affect your body or resting over large ice blocks doing the... Feel for fish in the water or resting over large ice blocks its habitat, except.. In diving class solitary and __________ animal, which only associates during the mating season oxygen. Within it ) on Earth, Rest in compost Hydrurga leptonyx ) is inflated and as they their! Re-Inflating them at the surface looking for her leopard seal adaptations food land animals of a size! To its habitat, except __________ r Natatorial animals are those adapted for.! Antarctic pack ice did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key newborn pup weighs 66... Identified by its long slim body and comparatively large fore-flippers krill, fish, squid and! Your answer other pinnipeds, krill, fish, mice, and how does it your! Exactly what theyre doing below the waterline has long remained a mystery hours day. Their mother for a month, before they are found along the southern of! In leopard seal adaptations dark.It helps the leopard seals mainly eat smaller seals,,! May be sleeping and can, therefore, be easily captured change the. When diving, a leopard are true seals and get their name from the title! The language links are at the top and 20 on the top and 20 on bottom! Attractive nose clips we humans wear in diving class the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; terms. Named for its black-spotted coat these dives by collapsing their lungs and re-inflating them at surface...
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