"Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. [141] The authorities in Laos have recently developed an innovative regulatory framework for publicprivate partnership contracts signed with small enterprises, in parallel with more conventional regulation of state-owned water enterprises. Laosul i are originile n Imperiul Lan Xang ce a existat ntre secolele XIV i XVIII.. Dup o perioad de apartenen la Imperiul Colonial . Vientiane, also spelled Viangchan, largest city and capital of Laos, situated on a plain just northeast of the Mekong River. This slim paperback by Sam Brier and Phouphanomlack (Tee) Sangkhampone boasts an intuitive, sound-based way to learn the written Lao alphabet and sounds of the Lao language. [19][20][21][22][23] In the Lao language, the country's name is Muang Lao () or Pathet Lao (), both of which literally mean 'Lao Country'. According to the International Monetary Fund, as of 01.01.2020, they amounted to USD 1.128 million. According to a Laotian epic, Vientiane was founded on the Mekong Rivers eastern banks by a prince named Thattaradtha. A man who lost land and property to the Laos-China railway project near the capital said he has yet to receive any promised money. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. Lao Theung constitute about 30% of the population. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. Some Vietnamese, Laotian Chinese[148] and Thai minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to Vietnam, Hong Kong, or to France. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. The Laos government, through attorney Colin M. Thompson, filed the petition on Monday and also named Lao . The land has a total area of 236,800 km (91,429 mi). A major breakthrough occurred in December 2021, when the 414-km long standard-gauge BotenVientiane railway that runs from the capital Vientiane to Boten at the northern border with China, built as part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, was opened. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. If you drive into town, you might not even realize when you're actually in the city proper, as Vientiane blends seamlessly with the countryside. Residents of Laos' capital Vientiane on October 16 witnessed the arrival of the first passenger high-speed train running on the new Laos-China railway line which will, after some test runs, come into full operation in December . [65] [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. Laos has nine daily newspapers, 90 magazines, 43 radio stations, and 32 TV stations operating throughout the country. [27] Burial jars and other kinds of sepulchers suggest a complex society in which bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC, and iron tools were known from 700 BC. Political power is centralized in the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. Compared to the hectic, bustling capitals in other South . Savada, Andrea Matles (editor) (1994) "Events in 1945". King Sisavang Vong of Luang Phrabang became ruler of a unified Laos, and Vientiane once again became the capital. The Patuxai, Vientiane Laos. Local tradition holds that there are three seasons (rainy, cool and hot) as the latter two months of the climatologically defined dry season are noticeably hotter than the earlier four months. [17][18], The word Laos was coined by the French, who united the three Lao kingdoms in French Indochina in 1893 and named the country as the plural of the dominant and most common ethnic group, the Lao people. After the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the communist Pathet Lao came to power, ending the civil war. Pakse is the capital and most populous city of Champasak Province in Southern Laos. SE Asia. French is also used in public works in central and southern Laos and Luang Prabang and is a language of diplomacy and of the elite classes, higher professions and elders. The Lao League is the top professional league for association football clubs in the country. These include the Presidential Palace and the National Assembly of Laos. You'll find yourself slowly won over by the easy charms of this evolving . Between 1995 and 2008 approximately 1,232,900 more people had access to improved sanitation in rural areas. CIA agent Bill Lair met with the young Hmong military . [69] Trade relations with the United States were normalised in November 2004 through Congress approved legislation. The city is the home of the massive gilded stupa, Pha That Luang, a national symbol of Laos. [25] Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. About 3km to the north of the city, it is easy to reach the centre from the airport by taxi, tuk tuk or bus. 3. Vientiane was a Khmer (remember Cambodia?) [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. It is a hand-woven silk skirt that can identify the woman who wears it in a variety of ways. 15. In 1950, the French were forced to give Laos semi-autonomy as an "associated state" within the French Union. [61] According to the October 2007 UNODC fact book Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia, the poppy cultivation area was 15 square kilometres (5.8sqmi), down from 18 square kilometres (6.9sqmi) in 2006. 500 BC - The Plain of Jars, one of the most important prehistoric sites in Southeast Asia, dates from between 500 BC and 500 AD. [123] Approximately 77% of Lao farm households are self-sufficient in rice. Pr-histria. While some Hmong people returned to Laos voluntarily, with development assistance from UNHCR, allegations of forced repatriation surfaced. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. [133], The tourism sector has grown rapidly, from 80,000 international visitors in 1990, to 1.876million in 2010,[134] when tourism had been expected to rise to US$1.5857billion by 2020. [43] As a result, 53% of the population of Vientiane, 85% of Thakhek, and 62% of Pakse were Vietnamese, with only the exception of Luang Prabang where the population was predominantly Lao. [47][46], Laos was a key part of the Vietnam War since parts of Laos were invaded and occupied by North Vietnam since 1958 for use as a supply route for its war against South Vietnam. A coup d'tat in 1960 in the Lao capital, Vientiane, deepened the country's political instability. A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by Prince Souvanna Phouma in 1962 was unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. The airport in Paske was completed in 2009 with one terminal for both international and domestic flights. [139]:19, The martial art of muay Lao, the national sport,[180] is a form of kickboxing similar to Thailand's muay Thai, Burmese Lethwei and Cambodian Pradal Serey. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. Pakxe has also experienced growth based on cross-border trade with Thailand and Vietnam. Under Vietnamese pressure, he rebelled against the Siamese in 1826. Capital: Vientiane. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the Thai border.Vientiane was the administrative capital . The nation's most important government buildings, ministries, departments and foreign embassies are located in Vientiane. [77] Pressure to resettle the refugees grew as the Thai government worked to close its remaining refugee camps. [13] After a period of internal conflict, Lan Xang broke into three separate kingdoms: Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak. Its first railway line, a short 3-km long metre-gauge railway that connects southern Vientiane to Thailand, only opened in 2009. It is evident throughout the country, expressed in language, temples and the arts and literature. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. [38] France rescued King Oun Kham and added Luang Phrabang to the protectorate of French Indochina. [35] Anouvong was taken to Bangkok as a prisoner, where he died. Laos (/los/ (listen)[9][d]), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: ), is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. [144], Laos's population was estimated at 7.45million in 2020, dispersed unevenly across the country. [126] In addition, the country's plentiful water resources and mountainous terrain enable it to produce and export large quantities of hydroelectric energy. Vientiane, pronounced as "Viang-chan" in Lao, has been the Laotian capital city for 453 years. Giant Buddha Statue Plan Rankles Residents of Laos' Capital: Report. [54][55], The conflict between Hmong rebels and Laos continued in key areas of Laos, including in Saysaboune Closed Military Zone, Xaisamboune Closed Military Zone near Vientiane Province and Xiangkhouang Province. [183] Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C. [109], Laos and Vietnamese (SRV) troops were reported to have raped and killed four Christian Hmong women in Xiangkhouang Province in 2011, according to the US-based non-governmental public policy research organisation The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, which also said other Christian and independent Buddhist and animist believers were being persecuted. Life expectancy 65 years (men), 68 years (women) Currency kip . [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). . There is limited external and internal telecommunication, but mobile phones have become widespread. [97] The organisation also raised concerns in relation to freedom of expression, poor prison conditions, restrictions on freedom of religions, protection of refugees and asylum-seekers, and the death penalty. [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. "Effects of AFTA on poverty: Evidence from Laos. [152], Sixty-six percent of Laotians were Theravada Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 percent Jewish, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of Satsana Phi) in 2010. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. The first bullet train to serve the high-speed Laos-China railway sits in a rail station in the Lao capital Vientiane, Oct. 16, 2021. Vientiane is located at 17.9757, 102.6331, at an elevation of 570 ft. The Tai-Kadai Languages, ":: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.o.c. Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. For example, Article 8 makes it clear that Laos is a multinational state and is committed to equality between ethnic groups. [citation needed], Massive aerial bombardments against the PAVN/Pathet Lao forces were carried out by the United States to prevent the collapse of the Kingdom of Laos central government, and to deny the use of the Ho Chi Minh Trail to attack US forces in South Vietnam. has been the most successful club with 8 titles, the highest number of championship wins. In 1977, a communist newspaper promised the party would hunt down the "American collaborators" and their families "to the last root". [70] Laos was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in July 1997 and acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2016. According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. He describes his experience in the Lao capital in fine detail, making the minutiae come alive. Moreover, 130,000 deaths can be attributed to the civil war. Laos Laos is the only . The restaurant serves a variety of local delicacies, such as Khao piak sen (a rice noodle soup), mok lao (an exotic coconut curry), and of course, Lao sausage. Laos is the only landlocked nation in Southeast Asia. Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism. However, the latter is considered pejorative, meaning 'slave'. Services and facilities for tourists are adequate in the capital, Vientiane, and in the UNESCO World Heritage town of Luang Prabang, but are extremely limited in . More than a century later, the kingdom was replaced by the Kingdom of Vientiane in 1707. In fact, it feels more like a welcoming village, nestled in a bend of the Mekong River, Vientiane is dotted with temples and quirky, accessible attractions like the Buddha Park featuring surreal statues of the Buddha and the Monk Chat, a monthly opportunity to hang out with, you guessed it, monks. Zaisan Memorial,Ulan Bator,Mongolia. [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. Lao PDR: How to Attract More Investment in Small-Scale Renewable Energy? In 2009, despite the fact that the government is still officially communist, the Obama administration in the US declared Laos was no longer a MarxistLeninist state and lifted bans on Laotian companies receiving financing from the US Export-Import Bank.[117][118]. The Thai government attempted to repatriate these refugees, but the Wat Tham Krabok Hmong refused to leave and the Lao government refused to accept them, claiming they were involved in the illegal drug trade and were of non-Lao origin. 783.322 c phiu cn li tip tc c FPT Capital . Evidence for modern human presence in the northern and central highlands of Indochina, that constitute the territories of the modern Laotian nation-state dates back to the Lower Paleolithic. "[132], The country's most widely recognised product may well be Beerlao, which in 2017 was exported to more than 20 countries worldwide. [124] Laos may have the greatest number of rice varieties in the Greater Mekong Subregion. [145] The Lao belong to the Tai linguistic group[146] who began migrating south from China in the first millennium CE. Subsistence agriculture still accounts for half of the GDP and provides 80% of employment. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. Overall, the country extends about 650 miles (1,050 km) from northwest to southeast. Five of them were arrested and subsequently sentenced to up to 10 years imprisonment on charges of treason. Settathirath disappeared in the mountains on his way back from a military expedition into Cambodia, and Lan Xang fell into more than seventy years of instability, involving both Burmese invasion and civil war. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. Lao People's Democratic Republic or Laos (), is a country in southeast Asia. [47] Between 1964 and 1973, the US dropped two million tons of bombs on Laos, nearly equal to the 2.1million tons of bombs the US dropped on Europe and Asia during all of World War II, making Laos the most heavily bombed country in history relative to the size of its population; The New York Times notes this was "nearly a ton for every person in Laos". Vientiane has a total area of 3,920 square km and an average elevation of 174 m. The city experiences a tropical savanna climate. The Lao subsequently established their own kingdom named the Lan Xang in 1354. They were the indigenous inhabitants of northern Laos. Travel over the land is hard. However, historians claim the city was an ancient Khmer settlement that formed around a Hindu temple. Between 20,000 and 62,000 Laotians died during the civil war. The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is a developing country ruled by a one-party, Communist government. Vientiane, the capital city of Laos in the 1990s. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [56], On 3 December 2021, the 422-kilometre Boten-Vientiane railway, a flagship of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was opened. Laos locked down its capital and closed its international borders to most traffic Thursday after identifying a COVID-19 cluster connected to its bigger neighbor Thailand. Vientiane, the capital of Laos, is the antithesis of a bustling capital like London. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant . Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. The indigenous Khmers are believed to have been largely displaced or killed during the 11th and 12th centuries, when the Lao people entered the region. Additionally, the Khao San Pathet Lao, the country's official news agency, publishes English and French versions of its eponymous paper. Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. [141] Laos's progress is notable in comparison to similar developing countries. [101] On 25 September 2009, Laos ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, nine years after signing the treaty. O crnio de pelo menos 46 mil anos de idade, tornando-se o mais antigo fssil humano encontrado at hoje no sudeste da sia. [104], In October 1999, 30 young people were arrested for attempting to display posters calling for peaceful economic, political and social change in Laos. Lao Soung account for about 10% of the population. Giant Buddha Statue Plan Rankles Residents of Laos' Capital: Report By Sebastian Strangio A Chinese firm's plans to build a 100-meter-high Buddha statue in low-lying Vientiane encapsulate China . From the river bank inland, the three main roads run parallel to the river, while the . [84] Following threats of forcible removal by the Thai government, the United States, in a significant victory for the Hmong, agreed to accept 15,000 of the refugees in 2003. The Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand, where the mountains of the Annamite Range form most of the eastern border with Vietnam and the Luang Prabang Range the northwestern border with the Thai highlands. Laos financed the remaining 30% with loans from . Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. Other Hmong fighters hid out in mountains in Xiangkhouang Province for many years, with a remnant emerging from the jungle in 2003. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. Bangkok (AFP) - A new $6 billion Chinese-built railway line opens in Laos this week, bringing hopes of an economic boost to the reclusive nation, but experts are questioning the benefits . Export earnings from international visitors and tourism goods are expected to generate 16% of total exports or US$270.3million in 2010, growing in nominal terms to US$484.2million (12.5% of the total) in 2020. Located on the Mekong River the city has 950,000 inhabitants. Collectively, they are known as Lao Soung or highland Laotians. Fa Ngum's eldest son, Oun Heuan, ascended to the throne under the name Samsenethai and reigned for 43years. Sticky rice is a staple food and has cultural and religious significance to the Lao people. Vang Vieng is located between the Laos capital, Vientiane, and Luang Prabang, both of which have international airports that service direct flights from regional cities. The city also has a well-developed economy and a thriving tourism sector that attracts a large number of international investors. The constitution and Family Code bar the legal recognition of polygamous marriages, stipulating that monogamy is the principal form of marriage in the country. [43] Otherwise, according to Martin Stuart-Fox, the Lao might well have lost control over their own country. Its thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is Phou Bia at 2,818 metres (9,245ft), with some plains and plateaus. Ngum was descended from a long line of Lao kings that traced back to Khoun Boulom. The French language's decline was slower and occurred later than in Vietnam and Cambodia in Laos as the monarchy of Laos had close political relations with France. [144], The people of Laos are often categorised by their distribution by elevation: (lowlands, midlands and upper high lands) as this somewhat correlates with ethnic groupings. In 1893, the three territories came under a French protectorate and were united to form what is now known as Laos. [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. Of the 2,908,440 vaccine doses, 100% were donated in partnership with COVAX. Biggest Cities In Laos Vientiane . (Lao: , pronounced Loo-ang pah-bang and also spelled Louangphrabang, is the former capital of Laos and a UNESCO World Heritage city. In 2010, one in every 11 jobs was in the tourism sector. Laos is landlocked (it does not have a coast on a sea or ocean). [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. [33], In 1637, when Sourigna Vongsa ascended the throne, Lan Xang further expanded its frontiers. 3, "Through Chaos to a New Order", in, Sanda Simms, ch. AFP. The Mekong River is vital as a transportation route for cargo and passengers, a source of electricity at dams, a water supply for crops, and a home to fish . 1 Vientiane the increasingly busy capital on the banks of the Mekong River; 2 Huay Xai in the north, on the Mekong and the border with Thailand; 3 Luang Namtha capital of the north, known for its trekking; 4 Luang Prabang a UNESCO World Heritage City known for its numerous temples, colonial era architecture, and vibrant night market; 5 Muang Xay also known as . The most popular place to visit in Laos, Luang Prabang is an historic city that once served as the capital of the Kingdom of Laos. Set at the point where the Mekong and Nam Khan rivers meet, Luang Prabang stands in front of a backdrop of a magnificent hilltop temple. [12] Its capital and largest city is Vientiane. Bangkok - Hanoi - Laos by Air 9 nights from $1,615*. head to the ancient capital of Laos - Vientiane, soak in the countryside of Pakse, and play with mischievous dolphins in 4000 Islands. Metallurgy is an important industry, and the government hopes to attract foreign investment to develop the substantial deposits of coal, gold, bauxite, tin, copper, and other valuable metals. [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. What Is the Capital of Laos? Most of these projects will be carried out through public-private partnerships under the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) model as the government is encouraging the private sector . A post-independence civil war began, which saw the communist resistance, supported by the Soviet Union, fight against the monarchy that later came under influence of military regimes supported by the United States. 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International and domestic flights the only landlocked nation in southeast Asia, France!, speak ethnic minority Languages premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 32 TV stations throughout... Run parallel to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos said he has yet to receive any promised money in., departments and foreign embassies are located in vientiane territories came under a French protectorate were... Making the minutiae come laos capital ocean ) June 1991 doses, 100 % were donated in with... A bustling capital like London, he rebelled against the Siamese in 1826 the administrative capital Lair met the! Daily newspapers, 90 magazines, 43 radio stations, and the National Assembly of Laos the! The hectic, bustling capitals in other South Province in Southern Laos describes his experience in the 's. Has a total area laos capital 3,920 square km and an average elevation of 174 M. the city has! 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Occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949 to. Line, a short 3-km long metre-gauge railway that connects Southern vientiane to Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free occupied.

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